Solar terms

Solar-term crop-risk explorer

Korean agriculture plans around the 24 solar terms, not around calendar months. This reads KMA's crop-disaster record the same way — one 절기 at a time, across years, at a station you choose.

Sanggang — Frost Descent is the current solar term.

Station

Risk type

Years

Solar term

Sanggang — Frost Descent at Daegwallyeong, 2017–2026

Sanggang — Frost Descent · Low-temperature injury — the daily air minimum, the daily mean, and the grass-surface minimum.

Highland plateau at ~773 m — the widest air-to-grass spread of any station here.

How to read this

Two measurements are only differenced here when they describe the same statistic over the same period in the same unit. Where they do not — a daily maximum against a daily mean, for instance — no gap is shown, because subtracting them would measure the day's own temperature swing rather than a real difference between two surfaces.
KMA marks an absent measurement in-band, as −99.9 or −999. Those are filtered out before anything is averaged or counted; they are never plotted as values.
Years with no record appear as gaps. Nothing is interpolated and no line is drawn across a missing year.
Each 절기 falls on a slightly different date each year. Every date shown is the one KMA returned for that year's observation.
Everything here is a record of what was measured. Nothing on this page is a forecast, and no claim is made about the effect of any of it on a crop.

Fields on this view

Each field, the statistic it is, and the period it covers.

Field	Statistic	Period
Air minimumTA_MIN · °C	daily minimum	whole calendar day
Air meanTA · °C	daily mean	whole calendar day
Grass-surface minimumTG_MIN · °C	daily minimum	whole calendar day

Source: Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) API Hub · 절기별 작물재해 관측정보 · KOGL Type 1 (free use with attribution)

Current solar term

Sanggang · Frost Descent

상강

Calendar block: Oct 23 – Nov 6

A solar term is an instant of solar longitude, not a calendar date, so the real day shifts by about one across the leap cycle. These bounds are nominal and never stamped onto an observation.

Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) · KOGL Type 1

Open the solar-term explorer

Frost season

4.1° gap

between the air and the grass surface, the same cold morning

Dawn air3.2°07:04

Grass surface-0.9°06:46

The air never dropped below freezing. The grass did.

A forecast measures air inside a screened shelter. Frost forms on the surface the crop actually occupies — and KMA measures that separately.

Daegwallyeong, Gangwon · 2026-10-30Dawn minimum air temperature MRNG_TMN vs grass-surface minimum TG_MIN

See the full run

Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) · KOGL Type 1

See crop weather

The gap a forecast does not show

A published forecast measures air inside a screened shelter, more than a metre up. Frost forms on the surface the crop occupies. KMA measures both, and they are not the same number.

Average gap

2.5°

Widest gap

4.4°

in 2023

Across these years the grass surface ran colder than the air — in 9 of 10 of them.

Computed over the 10 years with both measurements. Both figures are whole-day minima at the same station on the same day, so the difference is a like-for-like comparison.

Years the air held above freezing and the grass did not

2018: air 2.1°C, grass -1.4°C
2023: air 2.9°C, grass -1.5°C

Air minimum (TA_MIN) · Grass-surface minimum (TG_MIN)

Sanggang — Frost Descent at Daegwallyeong — every value plotted above, as reported
Year	Observed	Air minimum°C	Air mean°C	Grass-surface minimum°C	Gap
2017	2017-10-23	-1.3	4.8	-3.2	1.9
2018	2018-10-23	2.1	7.6	-1.4	3.5
2019	2019-10-24	9.5	11.8	8.6	0.9
2020	2020-10-23	-0.9	3.9	-3.6	2.7
2021	2021-10-23	-3.3	4.3	-6.6	3.3
2022	2022-10-23	4.5	6.6	1.6	2.9
2023	2023-10-24	2.9	9.5	-1.5	4.4
2024	2024-10-23	5.3	8.7	1.7	3.6
2025	2025-10-23	7.5	8.9	7.5	0.0
2026	2026-10-23	-2.8	7.6	-4.9	2.1

Year

Observed

Air minimum°C

Air mean°C

Grass-surface minimum°C

Gap

2017

2017-10-23

-1.3

4.8

-3.2

1.9

2018

2018-10-23

2.1

7.6

-1.4

3.5

2019

2019-10-24

9.5

11.8

8.6

0.9

2020

2020-10-23

-0.9

3.9

-3.6

2.7

2021

2021-10-23

-3.3

4.3

-6.6

3.3

2022

2022-10-23

4.5

6.6

1.6

2.9

2023

2023-10-24

2.9

9.5

-1.5

4.4

2024

2024-10-23

5.3

8.7

1.7

3.6

2025

2025-10-23

7.5

8.9

7.5

0.0

2026

2026-10-23

-2.8

7.6

-4.9

2.1

How to read this

Two measurements are only differenced here when they describe the same statistic over the same period in the same unit. Where they do not — a daily maximum against a daily mean, for instance — no gap is shown, because subtracting them would measure the day's own temperature swing rather than a real difference between two surfaces.

KMA marks an absent measurement in-band, as −99.9 or −999. Those are filtered out before anything is averaged or counted; they are never plotted as values.

Years with no record appear as gaps. Nothing is interpolated and no line is drawn across a missing year.

Each 절기 falls on a slightly different date each year. Every date shown is the one KMA returned for that year's observation.

Everything here is a record of what was measured. Nothing on this page is a forecast, and no claim is made about the effect of any of it on a crop.

Field

Statistic

Period

Air minimumTA_MIN · °C

daily minimum

whole calendar day

Air meanTA · °C

daily mean

whole calendar day

Grass-surface minimumTG_MIN · °C

daily minimum

whole calendar day

Menu

Solar-term crop-risk explorer

Sanggang — Frost Descent at Daegwallyeong, 2017–2026

How to read this

Fields on this view

Solar-term crop-risk explorer

Sanggang — Frost Descent at Daegwallyeong, 2017–2026

The gap a forecast does not show

Years the air held above freezing and the grass did not

What the record shows

This week's RDA farming guidance

Earlier issues

Crop-disaster prevention notices, 2026

How to read this

Fields on this view

The gap a forecast does not show

Years the air held above freezing and the grass did not

What the record shows

This week's RDA farming guidance

Earlier issues

Crop-disaster prevention notices, 2026